In the era of digital communication, email remains a cornerstone of business operations. As organizations grow and technologies evolve, email migration becomes necessary to meet new operational demands and enhance communication strategies. Whether transitioning to a more robust platform, merging email systems during acquisitions, or shifting to cloud-based solutions, understanding the migration process is crucial. This post outlines the types of email migrations, best practices for execution, and strategies for security hardening.

Types of Email Migration

1. Cutover Migration: This “all-at-once” approach is typically used by small to mid-sized organizations that need to migrate all mailboxes over a weekend or within a few days. It is straightforward but requires careful timing and immediate cut-over from the old system to the new one.

2. Staged Migration: More suitable for larger organizations, this method involves moving mailboxes in phases over an extended period. This approach minimizes disruption but requires more complex coordination and interim coexistence configurations between the old and new systems.

3. Hybrid Migration: Often seen in enterprises with a mix of on-premises and cloud-based infrastructures, hybrid migrations allow for the gradual movement of services and users. This type is complex but offers flexibility, letting organizations maintain both systems simultaneously during the transition.

4. IMAP Migration: This method is used when only the emails need to be moved from one system to another without migrating the full user profile, which includes calendars, tasks, and contacts. It’s generally straightforward but limited in scope.

Best Practices for Email Migration

1. Planning: Begin with a detailed project plan, outlining every phase of the migration, from preliminary data assessment to the final switchover. Define clear roles and responsibilities to ensure accountability.

2. Data Integrity: Prioritize the integrity and completeness of data during migration. Conduct pre-migration audits to understand the volume and structure of existing data, and plan for data cleansing if necessary.

3. Pilot Testing: Implement a pilot migration with a select group of users before a full-scale rollout. This helps identify potential issues in real-world scenarios, allowing adjustments before broader implementation.

4. User Communication: Develop a comprehensive communication plan to inform users about the migration process, timelines, and what they should expect. Continuous updates can help manage expectations and reduce resistance.

5. Technical Support: Strengthen your support team’s readiness to handle inquiries and issues during and after the migration. Effective support is critical to mitigate downtime and enhance user satisfaction.

Security Hardening During Migration

1. Robust Authentication: Deploy Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) across the new email system to safeguard access. Consider stronger authentication mechanisms for admin accounts.

2. Data Encryption: Encrypt sensitive data both at rest and in transit to protect against interceptions and leaks. Ensure that the new email platform supports robust encryption standards.

3. Policy Updates: Reevaluate and update security policies and access controls in line with the new email environment. This includes setting up new data protection policies, privacy controls, and compliance measures as per regulatory requirements.

4. Continuous Monitoring: Integrate advanced monitoring tools to continuously track the system for suspicious activities. Implement anomaly detection strategies and incident response plans to quickly address potential security breaches.

5. Regular Audits: Schedule regular security audits post-migration to ensure the new system complies with both internal and external security standards and policies.

Executing an email migration requires meticulous planning, strategic execution, and proactive security measures. By understanding the types of migrations available, adhering to best practices throughout the process, and implementing rigorous security hardening techniques, organizations can ensure a successful transition that boosts efficiency and enhances security.

Wireless vs. wired Network: an usual dilemma SMBs still face in 2024.

Choosing the right network infrastructure is crucial for everything from productivity and collaboration to security and, of course, that all-important bottom line. 

But with technology constantly evolving, what’s the best path forward for your business? 

This article dives into the heart of the wireless vs. wired debate, arming you with the knowledge you need to make a smart, strategic decision.

Wireless vs. Wired Networks: What’s the Difference (and Why Should I Care)?

In the simplest terms, wireless networks use radio waves to connect devices to the internet, while wired networks use physical cables like ethernet cords. 

Think of it like this: wireless is like having a conversation on your cell phone – convenient and flexible, but sometimes prone to interference

Wired, on the other hand, is like having a chat over a landline – reliable and secure, but you’re tethered to a specific location.

But why should you care about the difference? 

Because the type of network you choose can significantly impact your business’s performance, security, and bottom line. 

Whether you’re a small start-up or a large corporation, understanding the pros and cons of each option is crucial for making informed decisions about your IT infrastructure.

Summarized Benefits of Wi-Fi for Businesses

In today’s mobile-first world, convenience is king. And that’s where wireless networks truly shine. Wi-Fi offers businesses a level of flexibility and scalability that traditional wired networks simply can’t match.

According to a recent survey, a whopping 72% of respondents preferred wireless networks over wired networks due to their flexibility and mobility. However, that same survey revealed that 55% of respondents expressed concerns over the security vulnerabilities associated with wireless networks But we’ll talk about that later on.

In the meantime, just take some time to imagine this: you’re hosting a big meeting, and everyone needs to connect their laptops, tablets, and even smartphones to the network. With wireless, it’s as easy as pie! No need for messy cables or hunting down ethernet ports – employees and guests can connect from anywhere in the office, boosting productivity and collaboration.

Plus, wireless networks are incredibly scalable. Need to accommodate more users or devices? No problem! 

Adding new access points is a breeze, allowing your network to grow right alongside your business. 

This flexibility makes Wi-Fi a particularly attractive option for businesses with dynamic workspaces or frequent changes in their IT needs.

Summarized Advantages of Wired Networks

While wireless networks offer undeniable convenience, wired networks still hold their own – and in some cases, they’re the clear winner. 

One of the biggest advantages of wired networks is their raw speed and performance. With fiber optic cables, in particular, you can achieve lightning-fast data transfer rates that leave Wi-Fi in the dust. 

This is crucial for businesses that rely on bandwidth-intensive applications like video conferencing, cloud computing, or large file transfers.

But speed isn’t everything. Security is another area where wired networks have a significant edge. 

Because wired connections are physically isolated, they’re much more difficult for hackers to infiltrate. 

This is especially important for businesses that handle sensitive data, such as financial institutions, healthcare providers, and government agencies.

Comparing Wireless and Wired Network Security Risks

Let’s be honest, nobody wants to be that business – you know, the one that makes headlines for a data breach. And in today’s digital world, choosing between a wireless and wired network can feel like choosing between locking your front door or leaving it wide open. Which one sounds riskier?

Of course, we know it’s not quite that simple. 

But the truth is, wired networks have a built-in security advantage simply because they’re, well, wired. 

Wireless networks, on the other hand, rely on radio waves, which can travel… well, everywhere. 

That means a savvy cybercriminal sitting in a parking lot could potentially intercept your data if your network isn’t properly secured. Suddenly, investing in a robust cybersecurity strategy from a company like LayerLogix seems like a pretty smart move, right?

Now, before you rip out all the Wi-Fi routers in your office, it’s important to remember that even wireless networks can be incredibly secure when configured correctly. 

Strong passwords, network segmentation, and regular security audits can significantly reduce your risk.

Cost Comparison: Wireless vs. Wired Networks

When it comes to choosing between wireless and wired networks, cost is often a major deciding factor for businesses. And while it might seem like Wi-Fi is the obvious winner (who doesn’t love free Wi-Fi?!), the reality is a bit more nuanced.

On the surface, setting up a wireless network can appear more cost-effective. 

After all, you don’t need to run expensive ethernet cables throughout your building. But don’t let that fool you! 

The costs of wireless can quickly add up when you factor in:

Wireless Networks CostsWired Networks Costs
Access Points: Depending on the size and layout of your office, you’ll likely need multiple access points for optimal coverage, which can get pricey.Lower Maintenance: Once those cables are in place, they tend to work like a charm – no need for constant fiddling or troubleshooting!
Maintenance: Wireless networks often require more frequent maintenance and troubleshooting than wired networks. And let’s be honest, nobody wants to spend their day rebooting routers!Reduced Downtime: Remember those annoying Wi-Fi outages that seem to happen at the worst possible moment? Wired networks are far less susceptible to interference, which means fewer disruptions to your workflow.

Ultimately, the most cost-effective network solution for your business will depend on your specific needs, budget, and long-term goals.

Finding the Perfect Fit of Wireless & Wired Networks for Specific Industries 

Just like a good suit, the right network solution should be tailored to fit your business’s unique needs. 

And those needs can vary drastically depending on your industry, size, and long-term goals.

Let’s take a look at how different industries can benefit from a customized approach to wireless and wired networking:

No matter your industry, LayerLogix has the expertise and experience to help you design, implement, and manage a network solution that aligns perfectly with your business objectives.

Ready to take your network to the next level? 

Contact LayerLogix today for a free consultation!

Welcome to the ABC of USB, where we embark on an exciting exploration of the integral role USB devices play in our hyper-computerized world.

Join us as we unravel the mystery behind USB, delve into its diverse standards and connectors, and discover the fascinating universe that lies within this universal connection method.



What Exactly Does USB Stand For?

Ever wondered what those three letters, USB, really stand for?

USB is the acronym for Universal Serial Bus, a name bestowed upon the port that enables us to connect peripherals to our computers.

Unlike other ports, USB possesses a remarkable plug-and-play capability, eliminating the need for system reboots when connecting devices.

USB goes the extra mile by automatically detecting and installing the required software for seamless device operation.

It has revolutionized the way we interact with our computers, making it a breeze to connect peripherals such as keyboards, mice, digital cameras, scanners, printers, and even mobile phones. USB’s versatility knows no bounds.

Back in 1996, visionaries from Intel, Microsoft, IBM, Compaq, DEC, NEC, and Nortel recognized the need for standardization in connection ports.

USB emerged as their collaborative brainchild, ending the incompatibilities plaguing earlier connectors like serial ports, parallel ports, and game ports.

Beyond compatibility, USB offers a myriad of advantages, including instantaneous device recognition, combined data, and power transmission, and impressive transfer speeds of up to 1250 Mbps in the current standard.



What are the Different Types of USBs?

Ah, the USB jungle! If you’ve ever felt bewildered by the alphabet soup of USB types, fear not.

We’re here to guide you through this maze of connectors, ensuring you emerge with a clear understanding of the various USB standards.

Photo by Hal Gatewood on Unsplash

Let’s start by demystifying the different USB standards, categorized based on their data transfer speeds:

  1. USB 1.0: The granddaddy of them all, USB 1.0 boasts the distinction of being the oldest and slowest USB standard. With a transfer rate of up to 1.5 Mbit/s (188 kB/s), it primarily caters to human interfaces like keyboards, mice, and webcams.
  1. USB 1.1: A slight improvement over its predecessor, USB 1.1, also known as full speed or “plug and play,” offers a transfer rate of up to 12 Mbit/s (1.5 MB/s). Although still far from the speeds of future standards, it marked a significant step forward.

  1. USB 2.0: This standard reigns supreme as the most widely adopted USB version to date. With two data lines and two high-speed power lines, USB 2.0 can transfer data and charge devices at 2.5W of power.

  1. USB 3.0: Prepare to be wowed by the blazing-fast Super High-Speed USB 3.0. With a transfer rate of up to 4.8 Gbit/s (600 MB/s), ten times faster than USB 2.0, it owes its speed boost to the five additional contacts it introduces.

  1. USB 3.1: Dubbed Super High-Speed+ or SuperSpeed, USB 3.1 doubles the speed of its predecessor, boasting an impressive transfer rate of up to 10 Gbit/s (1.25 GB/s). Type C connectors commonly utilize this standard.

  1. USB 3.2: Unveiled in February 2019, USB 3.2 tantalizes us with the promise of transfer rates reaching up to 20 Gbit/s (2.5 GB/s). The first peripherals compatible with this standard emerged in 2020, ushering in a new era of USB performance.

  1. USB 4.0: The latest USB standard, introduced in 2019, USB 4.0 is the pinnacle of USB evolution. With transfer rates of up to 40 Gbit/s (5 GB/s), it delivers unparalleled speed and performance. The first computers equipped with USB4 arrived in 2021, setting the stage for the future of USB technology.

Now that we’ve deciphered the USB standards, let’s shift our focus to the connectors themselves. Prepare for an enchanting journey through the realm of USB connectors, each with its distinctive characteristics and typical standards.

Additional FAQs

ABC of USB Conclusion

ABC of USB Conclusion

USB, the Universal Serial Bus, has transformed the way we connect and interact with our devices.

From its humble beginnings as a collaborative effort to standardize connectors, USB has evolved into a powerful and versatile interface.

Whether you’re plugging in a keyboard, transferring data from a camera, or charging your smartphone, USB has your back. So, embrace the world of USB, explore its diverse types, and revel in the seamless connectivity it offers.

Remember, USB is your trusty companion in the digital realm, providing seamless connections and powering countless devices.

Embrace the USB revolution, and let it enhance your technological experiences like never before.

Finding challenges in how to label wire and cabling? These are integral parts of electronic setups. With the increasing number of electronic devices we use daily, cable clutter has become a real issue. 

Nobody wants to deal with a tangled mess of cables, not only because it’s unsightly but also because it can be hazardous. 

On the other hand, well-labeled cables can bring a sense of professionalism and competence to any workspace.

Labeling your cables is an essential step in keeping them organized and easy to manage. 

It removes the guesswork out of setting up and troubleshooting equipment, saves time and money during network maintenance, and minimizes the risk of errors that can cause damage. 

This article will discuss why it is important to label cables and provide solutions and tips for labeling them correctly in 2023.



The Benefits of Properly Labelling Wire and Cabling in 2023

Properly labeling wire and cabling is a crucial aspect of any organization’s IT infrastructure. 

Not only does it facilitate the identification of specific cables in a fiber network or cabling system, but it also prevents unauthorized access to particular cables, reducing the risk of downtime.

 Furthermore, cable labeling eliminates guesswork, saving time and energy required to identify and fix a problem. In situations where wires need to be added or removed from a group of cables, properly labeled cables simplify the process compared to an unlabeled mass of cables. This is particularly vital in time-sensitive situations.

Mislabelling or failure to label cables can lead to costly mistakes, such as connecting the wrong devices, which can cause expensive damage. 

Therefore, it is essential to organize your space by labeling cables correctly. This results in a more aesthetically pleasing and organized space and helps you find things more easily.

Cable labeling is also crucial for new employees to understand the cable/fiber network long after the cables have been installed. 

In cases where a network administrator quits or personnel changes occur, new technicians can quickly familiarize themselves with the cable network or the network system using the labeled cables. 

This simplifies troubleshooting and maintenance procedures, saving time and costs of repairs and expansions.

Correctly labeling cables ensure audit compliance and quality assurance. Cables must be labeled according to specific standards to ensure safety and interoperability, with each industry having its labeling requirements. 

Finally, labeling infrastructure components reduces the cost of ownership by allowing for comprehensive identification in dynamic management and administration systems. 

Properly labeled cables enable easy identification of components, making it easier to manage and maintain the system. 



How Do You Label Cables and Wires?

When it comes to labeling cables and wires, choosing the right label is crucial. Here are some important factors to consider:

  1. Specific Application – The type of label you choose should be based on the specific application or use case. If you’re labeling cords in a home or office setting, aesthetically pleasing and easy-to-apply labels may be ideal. On the other hand, industrial settings require sturdier materials and more durable labels. Consider how frequently the labels will need to be changed or replaced.

  1. Environment – It’s important to consider the level of abuse or exposure the labels will face. Will they be exposed to high temperatures, moisture, or chemicals? Choose label materials and adhesives accordingly. Labels that can withstand a wide range of environmental conditions are the best choice to avoid regularly replacing faded cable labels.

  1. Size Matters – Ensure that the label size fits the cable size. Measure the cable and choose a label that can be easily seen and read. The length of the label should be five times the size of the wire’s outer diameter. For example, data and network cable labels may need to be small enough to fit on the cable jacket, while power cables may require larger labels.

  1. Regulations – Many industries have specific standards that must be met for labeling. Check industry regulations and local, state, and federal laws before making your purchase.

  1. Type of Material – Different label materials has different properties, making them more or less effective for different applications. Teflon and polyolefin labels are best for harsh conditions, while vinyl is ideal for greasy and dirty environments.

  1. Label Placement – Different markers are appropriate for different placement locations. Choose markers that can be used either before or after termination for flexibility.

By considering these factors, you can effectively label your cables and wires for easy identification and management.



What to Take Into Account Before Labeling Wires and Cables

 Proper labeling and identification of wires and cables is an often overlooked but essential aspect of cable and wire management. Accurate and clear labeling helps to ensure that the cabling network performs its intended purpose and reduces the risk of confusion. Here are some best practices to consider when labeling wires and cables:

Choose high-quality labels that are durable and resistant to water and smudging to avoid the label from wearing off.

Ensure the label is legible by using clear and concise text, avoiding abbreviations as much as possible, and placing it in a clear and visible location.

Label both ends of each cable to easily identify which end goes where, and avoid writing information on labels by hand, instead print them using laser printers.

Use a standardized labeling system like TIA-606 voluntary standard, which establishes guidelines for labeling cables in different facilities, to ensure uniformity and organized labeling.

Use standard symbols and abbreviations to make sure everyone understands the meaning of the label, and carry out periodic checks on the labeling system to ensure labels are in excellent shape and visible.

Update the labeling system periodically to reflect future upgrades, and maintain a permanent record of the original cable label installation as well as subsequent changes.

Colors may be used on cable labels and tags for aesthetic purposes or to differentiate different types of cables and wires.

Include pertinent information on each label, such as cable type, length, destination, etc.

Finally, apply the label to the cable in a way that won’t damage the cable or impede its function. By following these practices, your cable labeling will be effective, making it easier for anyone who needs to work with the cables in the future.

As our world becomes increasingly interconnected, the tools we use to link ourselves from one place to another have become more critical than ever.

In today’s technologically advanced world, using mediocre equipment simply won’t cut it. 

Fiber optic jumpers are one such piece of equipment that has become an essential part of any modern data center.  With the consumer electronics industry projected to grow at nearly 5% CAGR over the next few years, upgrading to modern equipment is essential.

In this article, we’ll explore how fiber optic jumpers work, the various types they come in, and the different ways you can use them.

And by the end of this article, you’ll have a deeper understanding of the importance of fiber optic jumpers in modern networking, and be better equipped to make informed decisions for your business’s networking needs.

What is a Jumper in Fiber Optics?

Fiber jumpers (also known as fiber optic connectors) refer to both ends of the cable equipped with connector plugs, used to achieve active connection via optics; one end with a plug called a pigtail. 

It is to connect the two ends of the fiber to the output of the optical fiber to the maximum amount of optical power that can be coupled to the receiving fiber due to its involvement in the optical link in the system caused by the impact of the minor.

Fiber jumpers are used to jump from the device to the fiber cabling connection. There is a thick protective layer, generally used in the optical terminal and the terminal box between the connection, used in fiber optic communication systems, fiber access networks, fiber optic data transmission, LAN, and other areas.

Fiber optic jumper products are widely used in communication rooms, fiber to the home, local area networks, fiber optic sensors, fiber optic communication systems, fiber optic connection transmission equipment, preparation for national defense combat, etc. 

It is suitable for a cable TV network, telecommunication network, fiber optic computer network, and optical test equipment. The subdivision is mainly used in various aspects.

What are the Different Types of Fiber Jumpers?

The following engineering network of various commonly used fiber optic connectors for a detailed description:

  1. SC Fiber Optic Jumpers: connect GBIC optical module connector, its shell is rectangular, and the lock is use of plug pin type and does not need to rotate. (Most used in router switch).
  1. FC Fiber Optic Jumpers: external reinforcement is the use of metal sets, fixing the screw buckle. It is generally used on the ODF side (the most used in the patch panel).
  1.  LC Fiber Optic Jumpers: SFP module attached to the connector, using a convenient modular jack (RJ) closure mechanism. (Commonly used by routers)

Fiber optic jumpers are divided into the following three types based on the type of termination: ST-ST, SC-SC, and ST-SC. According to the type of fiber, there are two types single-mode fiber and multimode fiber. 

The jumper length specifications are 0.5m, 1m, 2m, 3m, 5m, 10m, etc. According to the material of the outer sheath of the cable, it can be divided into ordinary type, ordinary flame retardant type, low smoke halogen-free type (LZSH), low smoke halogen-free flame retardant, etc.

According to the fire classification of the building and the fire resistance requirements of the materials, the integrated wiring system must take corresponding measures. 

When laying cables or optical cables in flammable areas and building shafts, flame retardant cables, and optical cables should be used; in large public places, flame retardant, low smoke, and low toxic cables or optical cables should be used; Adjacent equipment rooms or handover rooms Flame retardant wiring equipment should be used.

ADSL connections through the copper line are being left behind, giving way to fiber optic connections. 

While electrical signals travel through the copper network, light signals travel through fiber optic cables.

As a result, much higher speeds can be offered at much further distances with minimal loss. 

However, do you know what fiber-optic cables are made of in 2023?

Is Fiber Optic a Copper Cable?

The benefits that these installations create further drive deployment in areas that still do not have coverage since it far exceeds the capacity of its predecessor, copper. 

So, no. Fiber optic cables are not the same as copper cables.

Is Fiber Optic Cable Only Made of Glass?

One or more fiberglass strands reinforce this cable, each fiberglass consists of:

  1. Central fiber core with refractive index.
  2. A shell surrounding the core, of similar material, with a slightly lower refractive index.
  3. A wrap that insulates fibers and prevents interference between adjacent threads while providing core protection. 

Each of them is surrounded by a coating and reinforced to protect the fiber.

But not all of its entirety is made of glass…

Can Fiber Optics Be Plastic?

Yes. There are Plastic Fiber Optic cables. Plastic optical fiber, POF, is a new, cheaper type of optical fiber that guarantees a speed of up to 1 Gbps with a coverage of 50 meters. 

This type of fiber is immune to noise, so we can use it together with electrical cables, and instead of using glass, it has a plastic core, so it is cheaper and more difficult to break.

This type of fiber, although not yet widespread, is a superior solution to glass core fiber types, but only for very short distances, for example in offices and homes.

What are Fiber-optic Cables Made Of?

Optical fiber is a dielectric waveguide that operates at optical frequencies.

Each filament consists of a central core of plastic or glass (zinc silicon oxide) with a high refractive index, surrounded by a layer of similar material with a slightly lower refractive index (plastic). 

When light reaches a surface that borders with a lower refractive index, it is reflected to a large extent, the greater the difference in indexes and the greater the angle of incidence, we speak of total internal reflection.

Inside an optical fiber, light is reflected against the walls at very wide angles, in such a way that it practically advances through its center. In this way, light signals can be guided without loss over long distances.

Also, a fiber cable consists mainly of two parts: the cable and the connector. And each of these parts has its subparts, or components, that give it shape.

Currently, there are 4 types of optical connectors that we can find in FTTH cables.

SC – Acronym for the square connector (in English, Square Connector). It is the most popular connector type. It offers a quick adjustment, is very easy to integrate into all types of network devices, and offers losses of about 0.25 dB.

LC – Follow the small connector (Little Connector). It is smaller than SC and offers a fit similar to RJ-45 cables. It is also more secure since it prevents unwanted disconnections by having a top tab. It offers losses of 0.10 dB.

FC – This connector was one of the first to appear on the market, although it is now almost out of use. In English, Ferrule Connector is a threaded fixing connector that is highly resistant to vibrations. It offers losses of up to 0.3 dB.

ST – This straight-tip connector (Straight Tip) is similar to coaxial cable BNC connectors. It is usually used, above all, in business environments where you want to fix the cables in the best possible way. It offers losses of 0.25 dB.

In addition, each type of connector consists of different parts. For example, the parts that make up an SC-type connector (the most common) are:

Read this Structured Cabling Glossary if you’ll hire structured cabling help but don’t know where to start.

You can either read our guide to LayerLogix’s “Structured Cabling Services”…

Or read further into the Structured Cabling Glossary of Terms around this topic.

2023 Structured Cabling Glossary of Terms

What is 1000BASE-T?

Ethernet for 1000 Mb/s (1 Gb/s) using 4 pairs of Category 5 cables.

What is 100BASE-T?

Fast 100 Mb/s Ethernet using 4-pair Category 3 cable.

What is 10BASE-T?

Ethernet for 10 Mb/s using 2 pairs of Category 3 cables.

What is ASCII Architecture?

It is a network topology with a switch for bandwidths wide.

What is Attenuation?

The effect of diminishing or losing a signal is experienced with the cumulative length of the line or the distance of the radio transmission.

What is Backboard?

A plywood panel mounted to the wall of a telecommunications room. It is used for the assembly of telecommunications equipment.

What is Backbone Cabling?

It extends from the main Telecommunications closet (Cross-Connect Principal) to the secondary telecommunications closets, it includes the connection hardware dedicated to the vertical cabling and the cables that join them.

What is Balun?

An adapter is used to convert balanced signals to unbalanced signals to connect legacy (or vintage) equipment or video devices to structured cabling.

What is BNC (Bayonet-Neill-Concelman) Connector?

Commonly used connector for coaxial cable. After insertion, the plug is turned, squeezing the pins into the socket.

What is BUS in Structured Cabling?

It consists of a common transmission path and has a series of built-in nodes. It is sometimes called linear network topology.

What is a Channel Structured Cabling?

End-to-end transmission path that connects any two application-specific pieces of equipment. Equipment cables and work area cables are included in the raceway.

What is Consolidation Point?

The interconnection point is located in the horizontal cabling that is generally used to support the rearrangement of furnished spaces.

What is a Crimping Tool?

It is the tool that is used to build the Patch Cord cables from the PC to the network point or from the Patch Panel to the Hub. It connects the RJ-45 Plugs with the eight wires of the UTP cable.

What is Cross-Connect (XC)?

It allows the elements of a cable and their connections to be terminated, basically with flexible connection conductors, or jumpers.

What is Data Termination Equipment (DTE)?

It is the term used to describe any type of computer or equipment when connected to a data communication network.

What is Delay Skew?

The difference in propagation delay between the slowest and fastest pairs in a cable. Delay skew is caused by cables of different lengths within twisted pair cables.

What is ELFEXT (Equal Level Far End Crosstalk)?

A measure of unwanted electrical noise from a transmitter (near the end) on a neighboring wire pair measured at the far end, relative to the received signal measured on the same pair.

What is Ethernet?

LAN was originally developed by DEC, Xerox, and Intel. It uses the CSMA/CD protocol.

What is EIA/TIA?

North American Standards Organization.

What is EIA/TIA 568B?

Telecommunications cabling standard for commercial buildings in North America.

What is EIA/TIA 569A?

Telecommunication space and track cabling standard for commercial buildings in North America. Its purpose is to standardize specific construction designs and practices within and between buildings that support media and telecommunications equipment.

What is EIA/TIA 606?

Management standard for telecommunications infrastructure in commercial buildings in North America. Its purpose is to offer guidelines for a uniform administration scheme for the cabling infrastructure.

What is FEXT (Far End Crosstalk)?

Unwanted electrical noise from a transmitter (near the end) on a neighboring wire pair measured at the far end.

What is Fiber Channel?

ANSI standard that describes the point-to-point and interpoints physical interface, transmission protocol, signaling protocol, services, and mapping command set of a high-performance serial link for use between mainframe computers and their peripherals.

What is Generic Cabling?

It is a telecommunications structured cabling system capable of supporting a wide range of applications. Generic cabling can be installed without knowing what the required applications are.

What is Hybrid Cabling?

Set of two or more different types of cable units, cables, or categories covered by a general coating. It can be covered, in turn, by a complete shield.

What is Horizontal Cabling?

connects a floor distributor with one or several telecommunications connection points.

What is a Jumper in Structured Cabling?

A unit or element of cable that does not have connectors and is used to make crossover connections.

What is LAN (Local Area Network)?

The interconnection of computers and peripherals to form a network within a business or home is usually limited to one building.

What is MAC (Moves Adds and Changes)?

When users change locations on the network. Refers to data and voice networks.

What is MT-RJ?

Small duplex fiber optic connector that resembles an RJ-45 connector.

What is Monomode (Singlemode)?

Optical fiber with a small diameter core where only a single mode can propagate. The standard core size is 8.3 microns.

What is Multimode?

Optical fiber has a large central sector and allows non-axial rays or modes to propagate along the core.

What is a Multi-user outlet (MUTOA)?

Or “Multi-User Telecommunications Outlet Array”, is a grouping of telecommunications outlets that serves several individual work areas.

What is NEXT (Near End Crosstalk)?

Performance parameters measured within a single link/channel. Measures the signal coupled from one pair to another.

What is NIC (Network Interface Card)?

Important hardware components are used to provide network connections.

What is an Outlet?

A partition that provides a point of connection to power, telephone, or network services.

What is Patch Cord?

A short cable with a plug at each end is used to make a crossover connection.

What is Patch Panel?

The panel, usually rack-mountable, contains the connection hardware for joining multiple cables.

What is PBX (Private Branch Exchange)?

A device that provides private voice and voice switching services in the private network.

What is Power Sum?

The only method for testing and measuring crosstalk in multi-pair cables that calculates the sum of crosstalk affecting one pair when all other pairs are active is to specify crosstalk performance that is appropriate for the cables made up of more than four pairs.

What is Propagation Delay?

The time it takes for a signal to travel from one point to another through a transmission channel.

What is Punchdown?

A punch block is a mechanism used to connect crossover cable assemblies through a system of metal pinouts in telecommunications closets or local area networks (LANs).

What is a Rack in Structured Cabling?

Base, metal structure, or support whose mission is to house computer systems and telecommunications networks.

What is Return Loss in Structured Cabling?

Measurement of a signal reflected the transmitter as a result of impedance differences in the cabling.

What is an SC Connector?

Push-pull single-channel fiber optic connector.

What is an ST Connector?

Clamp connectors similar to coaxial connectors are usually used in hybrid Ethernet installations between paired cables and fiber optics. Requires a twist of the connector for insertion.

What is Thicknet?

It uses a type of coaxial cable known as Grade 8 Radio, which conforms to the original Xerox Ethernet specification and has a diameter of approximately half an inch (1.27 cm).

What is Thinnet?

It uses a thinner type of coaxial cable known as Radio Grade 58, which is similar to the Radio Grade 6 cable used for cable TV.

What is Token Ring?

LAN standard for 4 or 16 Mb/s based on a pass-through protocol originally developed by IBM. Sometimes referred to as the IEEE 802.5 standard or the ISO 8802-5 standard.

What is Twinaxial Cable (“Twinax”)?

Similar to coaxial, the only difference is that the center of the cable contains a twisted pair instead of a single conductor.

We recommend you bookmarking this page for later, in case you need to fact-check or fastly check any of word’s concept from this Structured Cabling Glossary

Is this your first time getting optic fiber installed in your home or company building?

Then, you’re swimming in questions about network cabling, connectivity speed, and stability, among many other elements surrounding this topic.

That’s why we want to help you determine if you need (or don’t) an optic fiber network.

Is Fiber Optic Even Necessary? 

The short answer: Yes, Fiber Optics are necessary for everyone in 2023.

The long answer: Nowadays, it does not matter what vertical in business you are in, you rely on internet-dependent operations to keep it running and growing.

Yes, you could live with a network that averages 10 Mbp/s, but the truth is, you’re staying behind in probably everything you do. On the other hand, you can save plenty of hours every week on both uploads and downloads and can gain an advantage in your daily life if either some important documents or movies and series are ready in a matter of seconds.

The most important thing to choosing the best Internet speed for your home is to determine, approximately, the speed that your activities demand, whether leisure or work when you connect to the Internet. 

You should also consider the number of devices that will connect to Wi-Fi at the same time and, therefore, can affect the speed of uploading and downloading some tasks.

What Do You Need to Install Fiber-Optic Internet
Source: Unsplash (Compare Fibre)

What Do You Need to Install Fiber-Optic Internet?

Next, we are going to show you the different aspects that you must take into account to know what is needed to install fiber optics in your home:

  1. Wiring installation – The first thing you should know is that buildings must have enough space to install all the necessary wiring to add fiber optic coverage.

    Old homes make this task difficult since they do not usually have specific space for this type of installation. Fortunately, at the end of the eighties, the buildings were already being built with the idea of leaving spaces for new wiring.

    Therefore, depending on the age of your building, you can have two ways to install the wiring.

    If it is an old house without space, the wiring must go on the façade, and if your building is from the 80s onwards, you can have a vertical installation, much more comfortable.

  1. Necessary devices – Another thing that is needed to install fiber optics are different technological devices that allow the connection of this type of data transmission at high speed.

    The main device that the technician will install for the optical fiber to be able to reach our home in its entirety will be an optical rosette.

    Through the optical rosette, you will have fiber optics available in your home, the place of installation will be decided by the technician, since in this way he will find the ideal place where to carry out the installation.

    On the other hand, you can always tell the technician about the different needs you have at home so that it adapts to what you most need in terms of placement.

  1. Router installation – The next step is to install the router, through which we can connect to the Internet both via cable and Wi-Fi.

    As we have previously mentioned, the technician who will install it for you will be the one who can best advise you on the placement of the router, but you must comment on your preferences, since placing it in one area or another may cause you to have a better connection in some rooms than others or interference is generated.

    For example, if you have your own office in your home, where you are going to work, the most appropriate thing is that you have the best connection in that area.

    Therefore, you must convey to the technician your doubts and questions regarding the subject, in addition to your interests and needs regarding the connection of your home.

How Much Does Optic-Fiber Internet Cost
Source: Unsplash (JJ Ying)

How Much Does Optic-Fiber Internet Cost? Is It Expensive?

Fiber internet provides charges between $30/month to $300/month for their plans, with a minimum averaging 100 Mbp/s and going up to 3 Gbp/s of download speeds.

And it depends on the company or the rate you choose, you will have to pay for the installation of fiber optics.

Most of the rates where you have to pay for the router and/or installation do so as “security” so that you don’t unsubscribe later and they end up losing the money invested in the installation.

Some companies give you a double option: install fiber optic internet at no cost to you without signing a one-year contract or charge you an amount if you do not want to be tied to the company for a certain time.

What Best Optic-Fiber Network Speed Fits Your Needs Best
Source: Unsplash (Christopher Burns)

What Best Optic-Fiber Network Speed Fits Your Needs Best?

When choosing between the different offers available on the market, we must take two factors into account above all: what we are going to use the connection for and how many devices will be connected to it simultaneously.

This will help you pay just enough and not more than you need.

And here’s a secret that many operators don’t tell you: In most cases, the speed of the internet plan you purchase is higher than what you needed.

So whether you download a thousand files a day, or just do two Google searches a week, there’s an internet connection that’s just right for you.

How Long Does Optic Fiber Network Installation Take
Source: Unsplash (Compare Fibre)

How Long Does Optic Fiber Network Installation Take?

Fiber installation time varies greatly because it depends on many factors. It is noteworthy to say that fiber optics is more difficult to install than ADSL. The waiting period between the contracting and the installation of the fiber is increasingly shorter.

This may be because users are increasingly demanding. So companies need to hurry before they change their minds.

If you wonder how the fiber optic installation is step by step, stay tuned:

  1. They introduce the fiber cable, normally through the same conduit that the landline telephone goes through, until they reach your home.
  2. The worker installs the fiber optic input for you.
  3. Finally, he sets up the router and gives you the network name and password.

Once all this is done, it’s your turn to connect to the network with all the devices you want. Of course, as long as they are adapted for it. The start-up from the moment the technician enters the door until he gives you the freedom to connect the devices you want is usually two hours.

That being said… What are your thoughts after reading this checklist?

Do you need optic fiber internet installed at your home or office?

Get in touch with our LayerLogix team in case you have more questions and want further support on this decision!

Network cabling troubleshooting includes slow network speeds, weak Wi-Fi signals, damaged cabling, and so much more.

After all, enterprise networks are complex, and end users often complain about what appears to be poor application performance, and there can be many possible reasons for these hiccups.

Below are five common networking problems that we fix at LayerLogix.

  1. Network Cabling Is Unplugged or Not Properly Plugged In – Just as the first point’s title says, a common problem is when a network cable becomes damaged or loose. Cables can be added or removed from one switch and one of the other cables to be accidentally disconnected.

    Or a cable was damaged when it was pulled around a sharp edge while working on heating or air conditioning pipes. In the affected network segment, it should be clear which cable was damaged.

    But finding the problem along a cable that runs across the ceiling can be time-consuming.

  1. Slow DNS lookups – DNS matches the common name used to match nameservers or services with the Internet address that routes a network request. For commonly used names, the match is likely already stored in the system’s DNS cache, and the lookup is fast. For lesser-used names, the match may be stored in a cache further away, such as the top-level name root server, such as .com, .org, or a national root, such as .UK

    Each DNS server along the route checks its cache before requesting the next server along the route. The next server then checks its cache, repeating the process. If the search is slow, there may be a slow link in the path or a slow or overloaded server.

    To get around this problem, the local network administrator can reconfigure the local routers to move requests to a faster chain of servers.

  1. Duplicate and static IP addresses – On a network, no two systems can share the same Internet address. If there are duplicate Internet addresses, neither system can reliably access the network.

    The addresses of most network devices are assigned when Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) boots systems on the local network. DHCP maintains a pool of addresses assigned to the local network, assigning a different address from the pool to each system.

    Workstations are not assigned permanent addresses but rather receive one for a limited time from DHCP. The systems request it again before the time runs out and usually receive the same address. If the system shuts down without prompting again and times out, it loses this address and may receive a different one at boot time.

    The DHCP manager may assign a static IP address to some devices on the network, such as printers or web servers because external systems will not update if the address changes.

    One problem is that sometimes users set up a private web server to support a hobby, assigning a static address without informing the network administrator.

    They both share a DHCP server in an organization or home network. Thus, if the static address matches one assigned by DHCP, the network is interrupted.

    Often these private web servers are configured to upload and download licensed music or video and consume excessive network bandwidth.

  1. Exhausted IP addresses – The supply of internet addresses is limited. Each service provider is assigned a supply based on the expected number needed. The best known are IPv4 addresses, which at first were thought to be adequate so that each system could have one assigned.

    But with the proliferation of mobile phones and other devices, it has become necessary to move to IPv6 with 128-bit addresses for some networks.

    A widely used method of stretching the supply of addresses is Network Address Translation (NAT), a feature that routers often incorporate. Each of them is assigned a unique Internet address, assigned from the global pool of addresses. Its internal DHCP server assigns private addresses to systems on attached local networks, typically an Ethernet or wireless network.

    Private addresses typically start with 10 or 192,168 on networks that use 32-bit IPv4 addresses. These address ranges can be used many times, helping to save addresses.

    The NAT server assigns traffic to its global address to communicate with the Internet. The responses are mapped back through the private addresses.

  1. VLAN and VPN issues – Check for virtual LAN (VLAN) misconfiguration issues. Review the configuration on each switch, carefully comparing the configurations to ensure compatibility with the switch configuration.

    The most common VPN problem is connection failure. First, check if you are successfully connecting to the service and make sure that your account is up to date and that you are entering the correct credentials.

    Next, check your firewall settings. You need to open some ports. Check if that is the problem by temporarily closing your firewall. Lastly, reboot your system.

    Try accessing the VPN from a different network, for example by switching from Wi-Fi to Ethernet on the router. If the problem persists, check your firewall’s documentation for other solutions or contact the VPN provider’s help desk.

In short, networks are complex, and problems happen… And these are just some of the most common types of network and cabling (network cabling).

When other types of network problems occur, search for help on the web or contact network service providers or professional teams such as LayerLogix.

Structured cabling seeks to create a local area network, especially suitable for cases of fiber optic installations. And it includes cables, connectors, pipes, and devices, always respecting the rules and quality standards.

But, is it beneficial to bet on this modality?

We are going to analyze what are the main advantages and disadvantages of structured cabling, assuring it is ideal for your home or company.

Structured Cabling Benefits & Advantages

If you are thinking of contracting the installation of structured cabling for a building, you should know that it is very intelligent. 

In addition, you will save yourself a lot of trouble if it is done by LayerLogix professionals.

Next, we present the main advantages of structured cabling:

  1. Easy maintenance – Being a uniform network, the companies in charge of their maintenance tend to carry out very simple tasks to have everything under control, which is why it is one of the main advantages of structured cabling.

  1. Greater performance – Being a cutting-edge technology in the sector, its performance and operation will always be superior to that of other alternatives, with a very long amortization and expected useful life.

  1. Security – Precisely because it is a relatively new system, its security measures are very reliable, with tested components to guarantee the peace of mind of those who manipulate it.

  1. Flexibility – It is the indicated solution for a great variety of telecommunications products, whatever they may be since it is a very versatile network for its use. For this reason, it facilitates the work of several servers of different natures on the network.

  1. Higher speed – As structured cabling means higher performance, this also translates into higher data transmission speeds through the benefits of fiber optics.

  1. Aesthetic harmony – The space in which this system is installed will maintain a clean and orderly appearance, creating environments that are pleasing to the eye and thus avoiding the chaotic appearance of other alternatives.

  1. Signal integration – The connection of the signals is integrated into the same network, thus making use of a single way of distributing information.

  1. Possibility of expansion or transfer – One of the handicaps of other systems is that it requires complex tasks to expand their capabilities or move to another location if the company moves its headquarters, sometimes putting the information contained at risk; With structured cabling, extensions and transfers are carried out in an agile, simple and safe way.

  1. Economic system – At the initial cost of its installation, already affordable, it is not necessary to add large amounts for maintenance or modifications.

  1. Easy system management – In the event of a user moving from their physical location, you will not need to reconfigure your network station, so your equipment’s configuration status will be kept in perfect condition.

Structured Cabling Pros and Cons 2
Source: Pexels (@FieldEngineer)

Structured Cabling Cons & Disadvantages

However, this network also has different drawbacks of structured cabling that must be taken into account when going to it.

  1. Different wiring routes – The different routes that cables follow can require in-depth knowledge to be able to correctly interpret them and determine how to intervene if necessary.

  1. Reinstallation for each transfer – Although we have mentioned its facility for a hypothetical transfer, the truth is that if it is carried out, reinstallation work will be needed.

  1. Old cable – One of the most common problems that we can face is that old cables that are no longer used accumulate and, over time, it becomes impossible to use them for other purposes.

  1. Systems incompatibility – When integrating systems, certain errors may occur that make it difficult to work with them.

  1. Cables Interference – In this system, different types of structured cabling can be used and, when connecting between them, interference can be generated that makes it difficult to access and process information.

  1. Greater difficulty in locating faults – With this modality, it can be really difficult to know the origin of a fault that complicates the operation and performance of the structured cabling in these servers.

  1. Need for a prior study – Deciding on the installation of this network may require a prior study to find out if it is profitable or not, taking into account the activity and the needs of the company that uses it.

  1. Trained personnel – For certain issues that require rapid intervention, the criteria of qualified operators who are thoroughly familiar with the characteristics of this system will be needed.

The truth is that the benefits are greater in quantity and more important and these drawbacks are easily overcome and a business can be developed based on the great advantages of structured cabling.


LayerLogix is one of the great national references in terms of network cabling, with a group of professionals that provides the best solutions on structured cabling and other alternatives for faster and more efficient information management.

Today, you’ll learn about the ins and outs of data wiring… Shall we!?

Are you interested in building out a new internet infrastructure or looking to upgrade your business’s IT network to get a faster connection but don’t know which wires are used for data? 

Let’s see what data wiring is, how it works, which types of data wires exist, and more.


What is Data Wiring and How Does It Work?

In simple terms, data wiring is simply the cables that support your business’s IT infrastructure. 

This includes both the design and installation of a data cabling system either for a data center or business. It’s often “wired” to computers and telephones and is used to connect to the Internet as well as to transmit audio, voice, and video communications on a private network.

Such data lines are also useful to enable IoT connectivity between workplace equipment and devices such as printers, security cameras, Wi-Fi routers, smart lighting, and thermostats, among others.

As you can guess by now, data wiring makes high-volume data/bandwidth a reality.

We could say it allows you and your team to get the work done with next-to-zero downtime, in an organized way (when properly installed and labeled, of course).


Types of Data Wiring

Since there are specialized network cables for different applications, there is no “one size fits all” approach to data wiring.

For example, we talked about the two major types – Cat5e and Cat6 – in our recent “UTP Cables” guide. Besides these two, there are other commonly used categories.

Different types, support different kinds of use and are governed by strict standards. 



Fiber Optic

Built with a rubber outer coating, a thing glass-fiber core, and both layers of protection and buffer, these use light to transmit data over long distances, quicker than any other type.

We’re talking about 100 Gbps or higher.

The Fiber Optic category is also divided into two types of core diameters: MMF (multi-mode fiber = short reach)  and SMF (single-mode fiber = long reach).


Twisted Pair

As we just mentioned, we already talked about the Twisted Pair cables, so let’s be brief.

Either shielded or unshielded, Twisted Pair cables are considerably more affordable than Fiber optic cables but don’t work too well for long distances. 


Coaxial

Now, this is the first time we talk about Coaxial cables (or just “coax”), which are commonly used by data service companies to install both cable internet and cable television in the same building.

They transmit radio frequencies (or RF signals). That’s why they’re also used for telephones, radio transmitters, antennas, routers, and more, providing decent-enough speed of communication to each user.


How To Install Data Wiring

It may come as a surprise, but we won’t give you step-by-step instructions on “how to install data wiring” today. On the other hand, what we’ll do, is recommend you: get any amount of data wiring you want and need from a professional who ensures reliable speed.

Why risk yourself with all the complexities, standards, and regulations that surround data wiring when you can have it done for way less (avoiding downtime and other issues)?

That is right. If you try to install data wiring yourself, then you or any of your team members would be responsible for everything, from designing and planning, adding, labeling, and removing any wiring in or off your infrastructure, without causing electromagnetic interference.

That’s what we, LayerLogix, got you covered – with ever-going support. Our experts will design and lay out your new system while anticipating your business’ future needs.

After reading today’s article and before investing in a data wiring solution, you should be able to know if you need data wiring or not. The answer is likely a big YES.

But you may be worried about how expensive it could get. So, how much do data wiring services cost?

While we cannot give you a specific amount as an answer (because the cost depends on your office’s size, the types of cabling, and the amount of bandwidth needed, among other variables), we invite you to contact us and ask for more information.

We will answer all of your questions!