IP & Subnet Toolkit
Subnet Calculator and Quick Reference
IP & Subnet Toolkit
CIDR quick reference • Subnet calculator with tips • IP intake & class explanations
CIDR Notation Table (IPv4)
Quick reference for common prefixes.
Prefix | Subnet Mask | Wildcard | Hosts / Subnet | Usable Hosts | Block Size (4th Octet*) |
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*Block size shown for the octet where subnetting occurs (typical /24+). For shorter prefixes, the block size applies to earlier octets.
Subnet Calculator
Field | Value |
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How to calculate manually (tips)
- Convert /prefix → mask: /24 means 24 ones then 8 zeros → 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 → 255.255.255.0
- Block size rule: In the first non-255 octet of the mask, do
256 − octet
. Example: 255.255.255.192 ⇒ block size256−192 = 64
. Network ranges:...0–63, 64–127, 128–191, 192–255
. - Network address: bitwise AND of IP and mask. Example: 192.168.10.130 & 255.255.255.192 = 192.168.10.128
- Broadcast address: all host bits set to 1. With /26 (64-block) starting at .128 ⇒ broadcast is .191
- Usable hosts:
2^(32−prefix) − 2
(skip network & broadcast) — except /31 (2 point-to-point) and /32 (host). - First/Last usable: Network+1 and Broadcast−1 (for subnets where usable ≥2).
IP Intake & Classification
Attribute | Value |
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Class explanations
- Class A (0.0.0.0–127.255.255.255) — default mask /8. 10.0.0.0/8 is private. 127.0.0.0/8 is loopback.
- Class B (128.0.0.0–191.255.255.255) — default mask /16. 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255 is private.
- Class C (192.0.0.0–223.255.255.255) — default mask /24. 192.168.0.0/16 is private.
- Class D (224.0.0.0–239.255.255.255) — multicast (not host addressing).
- Class E (240.0.0.0–255.255.255.255) — experimental.
We’ll also flag link-local (169.254.0.0/16), APIPA, loopback, and other special ranges when relevant.